Types and Factors Osteoporosis
1. Primary osteoporosis can occur in any age group.
Osteoporosis This type of trigger factor is smoking, activity, delayed puberty,
low weight, alcohol, white race/Asia, family history, body posture, and low
calcium intake. Primary osteoporosis is composed of two parts:
a. Type 1 (Post - menopausal): occurs 15-20 years after
menopause (53-75 years). Characterized by the type of crush fractures of the spine,
Colles'fracture, and reduced dentition. This is due to the extent of the
trabecular network at the place, where the trabecular tissue is more responsive
to estrogen deficiency.
b. Type 2 (Senile): occurs in men and women aged ≥
70 years. Characterized by spine fractures and spinal wedge type. Cortical bone
mass loss occurred at that age.
2. Secondary osteoporosis. This type ofosteoporosis can occur in each age group. The causes include corticosteroid
excess, hyperthyroidism, multiple myeloma, malnutrition, estrogen deficiency,
hyperparathyroidism, Genetic factors, and medications. he explained, there
Primary osteoporosis in post-menopausal women and elderly men (senile
osteoporosis). cause is not known. whereas secondary osteoporosis caused by
diseases associated with:
·
Cushing's disease
·
Hyperthyroidism
·
Hyperparathyroidism
·
Hypogonadism
·
Liver abnormalities
·
Chronic renal failure
·
Lack of movement
·
habit of drinking alcohol
·
drug users / corticosteroid
·
Excess caffeine
·
Smoke
The symptoms of osteoporosis
Women with
osteoporosis who are the most dominant, with symptoms of osteoporosis began to
have problems such as:
·
Bone and joint pain
·
Fracture
·
Changes in bone shape
Women who
initially strapping body, increasing skeletal age was shortened and bent. This
is due to micro ditrabeculae bone fractures and degenerative processes.
The longer the
body retracts, becomes adjacent organs, because the bone as a buffer is not
able to sustain it. Then began such changes occur:
·
shortness of breath
·
Continued full stomach when not eating
·
Loss of appetite so that less nutrient intake
New symptoms
that occur in advanced stages of osteoporosis are as follows:
·
Fracture
·
Increasingly stooped backs
·
Loss of height
·
back pain
Detection of Osteoporosis
Bone density
testing (BDT) is the test most commonly used to determine whether a person has
osteoporosis or not. Measurements focused on the spine, hips, ankles and
fingers.
Tools for
measuring bone mass (BDT) is called densinometri. The instrument is equipped
with X-rays to detect bone mass, especially in the hips, pelvis, hands, and
feet.
This tool
contains several functions:
1. DEXA (Dual
Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry) measures the spine, hip or whole body
2. PDXA
(Peripheral Dual Energy X-Ray absorptiometry) measures the wrist, heel or
finger.
3. QCT
(Quantitative Computerized Tomography) together with DXA
4. Ultrasonometi
uses sound waves to measure the density of the heel, shinbone and kneecap.
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